Strategy-to-performance gap

The shortfall between the results a strategy promises and the results a company delivers.

Checked 9 Oct 2026 · 2 sources

Origin
Michael Mankins and Richard Steele (2005)

What is the strategy-to-performance gap?

The strategy-to-performance gap is the shortfall between the results a strategy promises and the results a company delivers. Michael Mankins and Richard Steele described it in a 2005 Harvard Business Review article. They estimated that a typical strategy delivers about 63 percent of the financial value it promises, and they traced the loss to weak plans as well as weak follow-through.

Why it matters to a revenue leader

The revenue plan is where the gap becomes visible, because bookings are reported against plan every month. A CRO who treats every miss as an execution problem may be pushing harder on a plan that was never achievable. Separating a flawed plan from flawed follow-through gives a PE sponsor a more honest commercial update and points the fix in the right direction.

Example

Fictitious numbers

A PE-backed testing company's plan calls for $12 million in new agreements, assuming 10 sellers at full productivity by March. Hiring slips, and only 7 sellers are fully ramped by midyear. Bookings land at $8 million, and the review shows the plan assumed a hiring pace the company had never achieved.

The question to ask

"How much of last year's miss came from the plan's assumptions, and how much from execution?"

Sources

  1. Turning Great Strategy into Great Performance - Harvard Business Review (Mankins and Steele, 2005) checked 9 Oct 2026
  2. Turning great strategy into great performance - Bain & Company checked 9 Oct 2026

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